Challenges and Opportunities of Digital Diplomacy and Cyberwarfare in Kenya

Authors

  • Collins Maina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47604/jir.2350
Abstract views: 99
PDF downloads: 52

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate challenges and opportunities of digital diplomacy and cyberwarfare

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: Climate change exacerbates security risks in Mexico through extreme weather events, economic instability, and social tensions. This poses threats to food and water security, increases vulnerability to natural disasters, and fuels conflicts over resources. To address these challenges, Mexico collaborates with international partners, develops adaptation strategies, and invests in renewable energy. Cooperation at national and global levels is crucial to build resilience and mitigate the impacts of climate change on security.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Realism theory, constructivism theory & cybersecurity deterrence theory may be used to anchor future studies impact of climate change on global security and cooperation in Mexico. Invest in capacity building for diplomats and foreign service personnel in the field of digital diplomacy and cybersecurity. Implement robust national and international cybersecurity legislation that includes provisions specific to the protection of diplomatic communications and infrastructure.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adegbite, E., Amaeshi, K., & Nakajima, C. (2019). Multiple Influences on Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Developing Countries. Journal of Business Ethics, 160(4), 1-20.

Adejumobi, S. (2020). Political Instability and Economic Development in Africa: An Overview. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 55(2), 135-151.

Baum, C. F., Schaffer, M. E., & Stillman, S. (2021). COVID-19 and Poverty in Brazil: Disentangling the Effects of Social Distancing. Journal of Population Economics, 34(2), 637-687.

Bolt, J., Dolls, M., & Eichhorst, W. (2020). Socio-Economic Inequality and COVID-19 Pandemics: A Regional Analysis for Brazil. IZA Discussion Paper No. 13282.

Clarke, R. A. (2010). Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to Do About It. HarperCollins.

EU Cybersecurity: Challenges, Policies, and Prospects, European Parliamentary Research Service, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2020/646172/EPRS_IDA(2020)646172_EN.pdf

Fisher-Onar, N. (2020). Public diplomacy in the age of digital transformation: Opportunities and challenges. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 15(1-2), 109-128.

Increasing International Cooperation in Cybersecurity and Adapting to New Threats, Council on Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org/report/increasing-international-cooperation-cybersecurity-and-adapting-cyber-norms, DOI: 10.2307/resrep25724

India's Tryst with Cybersecurity: A Survey of India's Cyber Landscape, Observer Research Foundation, https://www.orfonline.org/research/indias-tryst-with-cybersecurity-a-survey-of-indias-cyber-landscape-67097/

Jones, R. (2018). The UK’s Role in Global Climate Action Post-Brexit. Climate Policy, 18(8), 1005-1015.

Kenya's Journey to Improved Cybersecurity, Centre for International Governance Innovation, https://www.cigionline.org/articles/kenyas-journey-improved-cybersecurity

Libicki, M. C. (2012). Cyberdeterrence and cyberwar. Rand Corporation.

Morgenthau, H. J. (1948). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. Knopf.

Nigeria's National Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy 2021: A Comprehensive Overview, The Conversation, https://theconversation.com/nigerias-national-cybersecurity-policy-and-strategy-2021-a-comprehensive-overview-156065

Nyasulu, P. (2020). Pandemic Threats to African Health Security. The Lancet, 395(10237), 1510.

Nye, J. S. (2010). Cyber power. Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.

Roy, S. (2018). India's Demographic Dividend: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 13(2), 420-432.

Schmitt, M. N. (2017). Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations. Cambridge University Press.

Smith, G. W., & Brown, A. J. (2020). Cybersecurity Risks and Opportunities: The Evolving Role of CISOs. Journal of Information Systems Applied Research, 13(3), 13-22.

Smith, M. D., Weyl, E. G., & Hu, L. (2019). International Trade and Investment. Annual Review of Economics, 11(1), 753-776.

South Africa's National Cybersecurity Policy Framework: An Assessment, Institute for Security Studies, https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/Paper287.pdf

Srivastava, P., & Upadhyay, P. (2017). Skill Development in India: Challenges and Opportunities. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 53(2), 305-316.

Wang, Y. (2019). Digital diplomacy in the age of the internet: A literature review. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 15(1), 1-15.

Wendt, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge University Press.

Zou, H. (2021). Cybersecurity in the Digital Age: Trends and Challenges. Journal of Cybersecurity, 7(1), taaa052.

Downloads

Published

2024-02-25

How to Cite

Maina, C. . (2024). Challenges and Opportunities of Digital Diplomacy and Cyberwarfare in Kenya. Journal of International Relations, 4(1), 46 – 56. https://doi.org/10.47604/jir.2350

Issue

Section

Articles