EFFECT OF PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF COFFEE TRADING COMPANIES IN KENYA
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Keywords:
Path-Goal Theory, Participative Leadership Style, Employee Job PerformanceAbstract
Purpose: The journal aims at assessing the extent to which participative leadership style affects employee performance of coffee trading companies in Kenya.
Methodology: The study was guided by the positivism philosophy and used a descriptive correlational research design. The population for the study was 180 senior managers of coffee trading companies in Kenya. Using stratified random sampling technique, a sample size of 139 was determined from the total population and structured questionnaires were administered to collect primary data. Out of 139 questionnaires administered, 117 questionnaires were successfully completed and returned representing a response rate of about eighty four percent (84.2%). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The descriptive statistics included means and standard deviations. The inferential statistics included Pearson’s correlation coefficients which were used to establish the relationships between variables, one way ANOVA which was used to test the differences between group means and multiple linear regression analysis which was used to test the five hypotheses of the study. The statistical software tool used for data analysis was Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. The results were summarized and presented in tables and in figures.
Results: Correlation results showed a positive and significant relationship between participative leadership style and employee performance, r (117) = 0.956, p< .05. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that participative leadership style significantly predicted employee performance, R2= 0.865, F (1, 115) = 735.111, p < 0.05, β = 0.943, p<.05 and therefore the null hypothesis that participative leadership style has no significant effect on employee performance was rejected.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: From the study, a contribution to literature on the effect of participative leadership style on employee performance in coffee trading companies in Kenya is made. Suggestion for further studies is made whereby future scholars are recommended that a similar study to be carried out for all supervisory level managers and even lower level managers to assess the effect of participative leadership styles across the spectrum of the organizations
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References
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Javaid, M. F. (2012). Leadership Style enhances the employee Organizational Commitment: A case study of educational institutions in Lahore. Journal of management, statistics and social sciences, 1(1), 64-77.
Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2014). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher , 33(7), 14-26.
Kermond, C. (2014). Supportive Leadership in Singapore Public Service. Institute of Leadership and Organization Development. Michigan: Michigan State University.
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Khalid, S., & Irshad, M. Z. (2015). Job Satisfaction among Bank Employees in Punjab, Pakistan: A Comparative Study. European journals of social sciences , 17 (4), 570-577.
Khuong, M. N., & Hoang, M. D. (2015). The effects of leadership styles on employee motivation in auditing companies in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. International Journal of trade, economics and finance, 6( 4), 210-217.
Kiboss, J. K., & Jemiryott, H. K. (2014). Principals’ Leadership Styles and Secondary School Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Nandi South District, Kenya. Journal of Education and Human Development , 3( 2), 493-509 ISSN: 2334-296X (Print), 2334-2978.
Kiboss, J. K., & Jemiryott, H. K. (2014). Principals’ Leadership Styles and Secondary School Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Nandi South District, Kenya. Journal of Education and Human Development , 3( 2), 493-509 ISSN: 2334-296X (Print), 2334-2978.
Kieyah, J., & Lesiyampe, L. (2016). Report of the National Task Force on Coffee Sub-Sector Reforms
Kieyah, J., & Lesiyampe, L. (2016). Report of the National Task Force on Coffee Sub-Sector Reforms
Lumbasi, G., K'Aol, G., & Ouma, C. (2016). The Effect of Achievement Oriented Leadership Style on the Performance of COYA Senior Managers in Kenya. International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Economics, , 3(2), 118-125, ISSN 2394-7322.
Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2013). Leadership: Theory, Application and Skill Development, pp. 161-170.
Mahdi, O. R., Mohd, E. S., & Almsafir, M. K. (2014). Empirical Study on the Impact of Leadership On Organizational Commitment in Plantation Companies in Malaysia, Elsevier Ltd. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences , 109, 1076–1087.
Marshall, V. & Rossman, S. A. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Participation in Organizations. Oxford University Press.
Mbithi, D. (2018). Nairobi Coffee Exchange. Retrieved from http://nairobicoffeeexchange.co.ke/
Mcshane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2012). Organizational Behavior: The power of People and Leadership in What the Best MBAs Know,. New York: McGraw-Hill, 187-203.
Mohammed, U., Yusuf, M., Sanni, M. I., Ifeyinwa, N. T., Bature, U. N., & Kazeem, O. A. (2014). The Relationship between Leadership Styles and Employees’ Performance in Organizations (A Study of Selected Business Organizations in Federal Capital Territory, European Journal of Business and Management Online , 6(22)2222-2839.
Mulki, J. P., Jaramillo, J. F., & Locander, W. B. (2014). Critical role of leadership on ethical climate and salesperson s. Journal of Business Ethics , 86(2), 125-141.
Nanjundeswaras, T. S., & Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership styles. Advances in Management, 7(2), 57–63.
Ngeywo, J., Werunga, R., Biwott, T., and Waliaula, J. (2016). Challenges Affecting Succession Management in Coffee Cooperatives. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Multidisciplinary. ISSN 2395-4434. Vol 2 (1).
Nikoloski, K. (2015). Leadership and Management: Practice of the Art of Influence. Annals of the „Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu, , Economy Series, Issue 1, volume II/2015.
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th edition). Thousand Oaks, California, USA, Sage Publications.
Noughabi, H.A., & Arghami, N. R. (2013). Testing normality using transformed data. Communications in Statistics: Theory and Methods, 42(17), 3065-3075.
Ojokuku, R. M., Odetayo, T. A., & Sajuyigbe, A. S. (2014). Impact of leadership style on organizational performance : A case study of Nigerian Banks. American Journal of Business and Management , 1(4), 202–207.
Reio, T. G., & Shuck, B. (2015). Exploratory Factor Analysis: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 17(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422314559804
Rennie, M., Meaney, M., Hazlewood, J., Kumra, G., & Dias, A. K. (2015). McKinsey on Organization Agility and Organization Design, pp 6-28
Schyns, B., Van Veldhoven, M., & Wood, S. (2009). Organizational Climate, Relative Psychological Climate and Job Satisfaction: The Example of Supportive Leadership Climate. Leadership & Organization Development Journal , 30(7), pp.649-663, doi: 10.1108/014.
Skouw-Rasmussen, N., Kapande, I., Eisler, T., Andersen, A. S., & Gedremichael, H. H. (2014). The Fate of Coffee in Kenya – An Assessment of Factors Affecting the Small-Scale Producers Decision-Making Process in Gatugi, Village, Othaya, 4-7
Stoker, J. I. (2014). Effects of team tenure and leadership in self-managing teams. Personnel Review , 37(5), 564-582.
Wart, M. V. (2015). Dynamics of Leadership in Public Service,. Armonk, NY, London, England,: M. E. Sharpe.
Wendt, H., Euwema, M.C., & Emmerik, H. (2009). Leadership and team cohesiveness across cultures, Leadership Quarterly, Vol 20, 358-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.005.
Yuan, F., & Woodman, R. W. (2014). Innovative in the workplace: the role of performance and image outcome expectations. Academy of Management Journal , 53(2), 323-342.
Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behaviour: What we know and what questions need more attention. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26 (4), 66-85.
Yukl, G. (2015). Leadership in organizations (7th ed.). Upper Saddle Rive, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Zehir, C. (2011). The effects of leadership styles and organizational culture over firm performance:. Multi-National Companies in İstanbul, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences , 24: 243-245.
Zhu, Y., Xie, Y., Warner, M., &Guo, Y. (2015). Employee participation and the influence on job satisfaction of the ‘new generation’ of Chinese employees. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(19), 2395-2411.
Zhu, S. & Jiao, H. (2013). Organizational structure and corporate performance: insights from 6,065 listed corporations, Chinese Management Studies, 7(4), pp.535-556, doi: 10.1108/CMS-09-2013-0174 Permanent link to this document: https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/CMS-09-2013-0174
Ahmady, G. A., Mehrpour, M., & Nikooravesh, A. (2016). 3rd International conference on new challenges in management and organization: Organization and leadership, 2 May 2016, Dubai, UAE Organizational Structure, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 230, 455 – 462. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.057
Azar, M., & Shafighi, A. A. (2013). The Effect of Work Motivation on Employees' Job Performance (Case study: employees of Isfahan Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences , 3(9), 432.
Bagal, M., Belletti, G., Marescotti, A., & Onori, G., (2013). Study on the Potential of Marketing of Kenyan Coffee as Geographical Indication. Case study related to the study on the potential for marketing agricultural products of the ACP countries using geographical indications and origin branding, Redd, SA & European Commission.
Baka, L., O. (2013). The Challenges Facing Co-operative Societies in Kenya. A Case Study of the Kenya Planter Co-operative Union (KPCU). Public Policy and Administrative Research. Vol 3(11). ISSN 2224-5731 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0972 (Online)
Banerjee, A., & Chaudhury, S. (2014). Statistics without tears: Populations and samples. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, , 19(1), 60-65.
Baregheh, A., Rowley, J., & Sambrook, S. (2015). Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation. Management Decision , 47, 1323–1339.
Basit, A., Sebastian, V., & Hassan, Z. (2017). Impact of leadership style on employee performance (A Case study on a private organization in Malaysia). International Journal of Accounting & Business Management www.ftms.edu.my/journals/index.php/journals/ijabm Vol. 5 (No.2), November, 2017 ISSN: 2289-4519 DOI: 24924/ijabm/2017.11/v5.iss2/112.130
Bell, C., Chan, M., & Nel, P. (2014). The impact of particpative and directive Leadership on organisational culture: An organisational development perspective. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences , 5(23), 1970-1985. doi: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1970.
Benson, J., Zigarmi, D., & Nimon, K. (2012). Manager’s Emotional Intelligence, Their Perceived Use of Directive and Supportive Leader s and Resultant Employee Satisfaction. Journal of Business Administration Research , Vol 1(2), 30-50.
Boone, L. (2016). Path goal theory. Salem Press Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=119214109&site=eds-live
Casson, R. J., Franzco, & Farmer, L. D. M. (2014). Understanding and checking the assumptions of linear regression: a primer for medical researchers. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2014; 42: 590–596 doi: 10.1111/ceo.12358
Hui, K. L., Xin, L. J., Di, L. S., Yung, N. K., & Ying, S. K. (2014). Working Performance in Financial Sector, (August).
Ijah, A. (2012). Leadership styles of principals and job performance of staff in secondary schools in Delta state of Nigeria. An international journal of arts and humanities, Vol 2, 224-245. ISSN 2225-8590.
International Coffee Organization (ICO) (2015). Sustainability of the Coffee Sector in Africa. International Coffee Council, 114 (5) Rev.1
Iqbal, N., Anwar, S., & Haider, N. (2015). Effects of leadership style on employee performance. Arabian journal of business management review, 5(146).
Javaid, M. F. (2012). Leadership Style enhances the employee Organizational Commitment: A case study of educational institutions in Lahore. Journal of management, statistics and social sciences, 1(1), 64-77.
Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2014). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher , 33(7), 14-26.
Kermond, C. (2014). Supportive Leadership in Singapore Public Service. Institute of Leadership and Organization Development. Michigan: Michigan State University.
Kerpen, D. (2016). 11 Leaders Reveal How They Want to be Managed, retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/11-leaders-reveal-how-want-managed-dave-kerpen/
Khalid, S., & Irshad, M. Z. (2015). Job Satisfaction among Bank Employees in Punjab, Pakistan: A Comparative Study. European journals of social sciences , 17 (4), 570-577.
Khuong, M. N., & Hoang, M. D. (2015). The effects of leadership styles on employee motivation in auditing companies in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. International Journal of trade, economics and finance, 6( 4), 210-217.
Kiboss, J. K., & Jemiryott, H. K. (2014). Principals’ Leadership Styles and Secondary School Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Nandi South District, Kenya. Journal of Education and Human Development , 3( 2), 493-509 ISSN: 2334-296X (Print), 2334-2978.
Kiboss, J. K., & Jemiryott, H. K. (2014). Principals’ Leadership Styles and Secondary School Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Nandi South District, Kenya. Journal of Education and Human Development , 3( 2), 493-509 ISSN: 2334-296X (Print), 2334-2978.
Kieyah, J., & Lesiyampe, L. (2016). Report of the National Task Force on Coffee Sub-Sector Reforms
Kieyah, J., & Lesiyampe, L. (2016). Report of the National Task Force on Coffee Sub-Sector Reforms
Lumbasi, G., K'Aol, G., & Ouma, C. (2016). The Effect of Achievement Oriented Leadership Style on the Performance of COYA Senior Managers in Kenya. International Journal of Novel Research in Marketing Management and Economics, , 3(2), 118-125, ISSN 2394-7322.
Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2013). Leadership: Theory, Application and Skill Development, pp. 161-170.
Mahdi, O. R., Mohd, E. S., & Almsafir, M. K. (2014). Empirical Study on the Impact of Leadership On Organizational Commitment in Plantation Companies in Malaysia, Elsevier Ltd. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences , 109, 1076–1087.
Marshall, V. & Rossman, S. A. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Participation in Organizations. Oxford University Press.
Mbithi, D. (2018). Nairobi Coffee Exchange. Retrieved from http://nairobicoffeeexchange.co.ke/
Mcshane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2012). Organizational Behavior: The power of People and Leadership in What the Best MBAs Know,. New York: McGraw-Hill, 187-203.
Mohammed, U., Yusuf, M., Sanni, M. I., Ifeyinwa, N. T., Bature, U. N., & Kazeem, O. A. (2014). The Relationship between Leadership Styles and Employees’ Performance in Organizations (A Study of Selected Business Organizations in Federal Capital Territory, European Journal of Business and Management Online , 6(22)2222-2839.
Mulki, J. P., Jaramillo, J. F., & Locander, W. B. (2014). Critical role of leadership on ethical climate and salesperson s. Journal of Business Ethics , 86(2), 125-141.
Nanjundeswaras, T. S., & Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership styles. Advances in Management, 7(2), 57–63.
Ngeywo, J., Werunga, R., Biwott, T., and Waliaula, J. (2016). Challenges Affecting Succession Management in Coffee Cooperatives. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Multidisciplinary. ISSN 2395-4434. Vol 2 (1).
Nikoloski, K. (2015). Leadership and Management: Practice of the Art of Influence. Annals of the „Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu, , Economy Series, Issue 1, volume II/2015.
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th edition). Thousand Oaks, California, USA, Sage Publications.
Noughabi, H.A., & Arghami, N. R. (2013). Testing normality using transformed data. Communications in Statistics: Theory and Methods, 42(17), 3065-3075.
Ojokuku, R. M., Odetayo, T. A., & Sajuyigbe, A. S. (2014). Impact of leadership style on organizational performance : A case study of Nigerian Banks. American Journal of Business and Management , 1(4), 202–207.
Reio, T. G., & Shuck, B. (2015). Exploratory Factor Analysis: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 17(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422314559804
Rennie, M., Meaney, M., Hazlewood, J., Kumra, G., & Dias, A. K. (2015). McKinsey on Organization Agility and Organization Design, pp 6-28
Schyns, B., Van Veldhoven, M., & Wood, S. (2009). Organizational Climate, Relative Psychological Climate and Job Satisfaction: The Example of Supportive Leadership Climate. Leadership & Organization Development Journal , 30(7), pp.649-663, doi: 10.1108/014.
Skouw-Rasmussen, N., Kapande, I., Eisler, T., Andersen, A. S., & Gedremichael, H. H. (2014). The Fate of Coffee in Kenya – An Assessment of Factors Affecting the Small-Scale Producers Decision-Making Process in Gatugi, Village, Othaya, 4-7
Stoker, J. I. (2014). Effects of team tenure and leadership in self-managing teams. Personnel Review , 37(5), 564-582.
Wart, M. V. (2015). Dynamics of Leadership in Public Service,. Armonk, NY, London, England,: M. E. Sharpe.
Wendt, H., Euwema, M.C., & Emmerik, H. (2009). Leadership and team cohesiveness across cultures, Leadership Quarterly, Vol 20, 358-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.005.
Yuan, F., & Woodman, R. W. (2014). Innovative in the workplace: the role of performance and image outcome expectations. Academy of Management Journal , 53(2), 323-342.
Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behaviour: What we know and what questions need more attention. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26 (4), 66-85.
Yukl, G. (2015). Leadership in organizations (7th ed.). Upper Saddle Rive, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Zehir, C. (2011). The effects of leadership styles and organizational culture over firm performance:. Multi-National Companies in İstanbul, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences , 24: 243-245.
Zhu, Y., Xie, Y., Warner, M., &Guo, Y. (2015). Employee participation and the influence on job satisfaction of the ‘new generation’ of Chinese employees. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(19), 2395-2411.
Zhu, S. & Jiao, H. (2013). Organizational structure and corporate performance: insights from 6,065 listed corporations, Chinese Management Studies, 7(4), pp.535-556, doi: 10.1108/CMS-09-2013-0174 Permanent link to this document: https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/CMS-09-2013-0174
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Published
2019-06-24
How to Cite
Rana, R., Ka’ol, D. G., & Kirubi, D. M. (2019). EFFECT OF PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF COFFEE TRADING COMPANIES IN KENYA. Journal of Human Resource and Leadership, 4(2), 29 – 57. Retrieved from https://www.iprjb.org/journals/index.php/JHRL/article/view/920
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