THE INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIC TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF THE KENYA COPYRIGHT BOARD
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Keywords:
Strategic Training, Employee Performance, Public Sector and KECOBOAbstract
Purpose: The motive of this study was to establish the Influence of Strategic Training on Employee Performance in the Public Sector in Kenya; the case of KECOBO.
Methodology: This study employed a descriptive survey design. The population of the study were all (42) officers currently serving at the Kenya copyright Board; a Public Service agency responsible for administration and protection of copyright and related rights in Kenya. The study did not use a sample. The respondents who responded to the questionnaire were 36 who included a combination of managers and non-managers. For the analysis to be effective, the entire population was used. Primary data was collected using questionnaires which were pretested for reliability and validity to determine it suitability for use in the study. Cross tabulation and Analysis of Variance was employed to test for significance in differences on various responses. Analysis of the Quantitative data collected was done using SPSS (Version 22). Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and results presented using charts and tables.
Results: The study shows that strategic training has a positive influence on the ability of the employee to perform given tasks. It has shown that staff trainings at KECOBO is not fully dependent on the employee needs but on the organisation needs. Through need based, competence and demand driven training, employees are equipped with the necessary skills to take on important tasks and they work efficiently and are personally responsible for their job outcomes. The study also reveals that after receiving training based on the employee and organisation needs, there is improved work commitment, productivity and teamwork.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study recommended that the various schemes of service for different cadres of staff in the public sector should be reviewed to conform to the current job demands and, periodic training impact assessment undertaken across the public sector to confirm the reliability and sustainability of established training programmes.
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References
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Acemoglu, D., & Pischke, J. (1999). ‘Beyond Becker: Training in Imperfect Labour Markets’. The Economic Journal, 109(453): 112-142.
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Armstrong, M., & Taylor S. (2014). Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 13th Edition. London. Kogan Page Limited.
Anderson, J. R., Reder, L. M., & Simon, H. A. (1996). Situated Learning and Education, Educational Researcher, 25 (4): 5-11.
Aswathapa, K. (2009). Human Resource Management. 5th Edition. New Delhi. Tata McGraw Hill
Bahlis, J., & Tourville, S. J. (2005). Where Training Resources Should be Allocated. Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference (I/ITSEC) 2124: 1 of 11.
Bartel, A. (2000). 'Measuring The Employer’s Return nn Investments in Training: Evidence from the Literature', Industrial Relations, 39 (3).
Battu, H., Belfield, C., & Sloane, P. (2000). 'Overeducation among Graduates: a Cohort View', Education Economics, 7(1): 21-38.
Becker, G. S. (1962). 'Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis', Journal of Political Economy, 70 (5).
Ben-Porath, Y. (1967). 'The Production of Human Capital and the Life-Cycle of Earnings', Journal of Political Economy, 75: 352-65.
Bishop, J. (1994). 'The Impact of Previous Training on Productivity And Wages', National Bureau Of Economic Research, Univ. of Chicago Press: 161-200
Burgard, C. &Görlitz, K. (2011). 'Continuous Training, Job Satisfaction and Gender – An Empirical Analysis Using German Panel Data', Ruhr Economic Papers 265.
Carver, R. (1996). 'Theory for Practice: A Framework for Thinking About Experiential Education', Journal Of Experiential Education, 19 (1): 8-13.
Cheramie, R., Sturman, M., & Walsh, K. (2007). 'Executive Career Management: Switching Organizations and the Boundaryless Career', Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71(3): 359-374.
The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). (2010). 'Delivering More With Less: The People Management Challenge', Building Productive Public Sector Workplaces
Collins, M. (1983). 'A Critical Analysis of Competency-Based Systems in Adult Education', Adult Education Quarterly, 33: 174-183
Colarelli, S. M., & Montei, M. S. (1996). 'Some Contextual Influences on Training Utilization', The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32(3): 306-322.
Davenport, R. (2005). 'A New Shade of Big Blue',TD (May2005):35-40
Dearden, L. , Reed, H. & Van Reenen, J. (2006). 'The Impact of Training on Productivity and Wages: Evidence from British Panel Data', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68: 397-421.
Elnaga, A. & Imran, A. (2013). 'The Effect of Training on Employee Performance', European Journal of Business and Management, 5 (4),137-147.
Evans, P. & Barsoux, J. (2002). The Global Challenge: Framework for International Human Resource Management. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Frese, M. (2007). 'The Psychological Actions and Entrepreneurial Success: An Action Theory Approach', The Psychology of Entrepreneurship. Lawrence Erlbaum. Mahwah. NJL: 151-88.
Garcia, M. U. (2005). 'Training and Business Performance: The Spanish Case', The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16 (9): 1691-1710.
Gomez-Mejia, R., et al (2007). Managing Human Resources, 2nd Edition. Pearson Education., New Jersey, USA
Green, F., & Tsitsianis, N. (2005). 'An Investigation of National Trends in Job Satisfaction in Britain and Germany', British Journal Of Industrial Relations, 43(3): 401-429.
Hope, Sr., K. R. (2013). 'Managing the Public Sector in Kenya: Reform and Transformation for Improved Performance', Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2(4), 128–143.
Jagero, N., Komba, H. V. & Mlingi, M. D.(2012). 'Relationship between on the Job Training and Employee’s Performance in CourierCompanies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania', International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2 (22), 114- 120.
Jinping, X. (2014). The Governance of China. Beijing. Foreign Languages Press Co. Ltd.
Jonassen, D. H. (1991). 'Evaluating Constructivist Thinking', Educational Technology, 31 (9): 28-33.
Jonassen, D. H. (1994).'Thinking Technology: Toward a Constructivist Design Model', Educational Technology, 4 (4): 34-37.
Kosbab, D. J. (2003). 'Dispositional and Maturational Development Through Competency-Based Training', Education & Training, 45: 526-541.
Hawley, J. 2008. 'Public Private Partnerships in Vocational Education and Training: International Examples and Models', World Bank.
Hersch, R. D., & Betrisey, C. (1991). Model-Based Matching and Hinting of Fonts. ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics.
Hyland, T. (1994). Competence, education and NVQs: Dissenting perspectives. London, England: Cassell.
Institute of Human Resource Management (IHRM) (2011). Journal of the institute of the Human Resource Management, 7: 11-15
Kar, S. and Ramalingam, A. (2013). ‘Is 30 The Magic Number? Issues in Sample Size Estimation’, National Journal of Community Medicine, 4(1): 175-179.
KIM. (2016). ‘Progress Made Towards Reinvigorating Kenya’s Public Service to Meet Agenda 2030’, Management Journal, May-June: 17
Kraiger K. (2003). ‘Perspectives on Training and Development’,Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 12: 171–192.
Matheson, C. (2007). ‘In Praise of Bureaucracy? A Dissent From Australia’, Administration & Society, 39(2), 233-261.
McCor, W., & Eldridge, D. (2003). Global human resource management: Managing people in developing and transitional countries. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub.
McNamara, C. (2005). Human Resource Management and Talent Management. Authenticity Consulting LLC
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and Personality: NY: Harper
Milhem, W., Abushamsieh, K., & Pérez Aróstegui, M. (2014). ‘Training strategies, theories and types’, Journal of Accounting, Business & Management’, 21(1), 12-26
Mincer, J. (1958). ‘Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution’, The Journal of Political Economy, 66 (4).
Meister, J (2000). ‘The CEO-Driven Learning Culture’, Training and Development (June 2000):52-70
Njau. S, (2005). ‘Government Initiatives for the Transformation of Public Sector Management in Kenya’, Management Journal, July- August: 8.
Niazi, A. (2011). ‘Training and Development Strategy and its Role in Organizational Performance’, Journal of Public Administration and Governance.
Prasad, K. (2012). Strategic human resource development: Concepts and practices. New Delhi: PHI Learning.
PSC. (2015). Human Resource Development Policy. Nairobi. Public Service Commission
PSC. (2015). A Framework for the Implementation of Values and Principles in Article 10 and 232 of the Constitution in the Public Service. Nairobi. Public Service Commission
PSC. (2017). Guidelines on Managing Training in the Public Service. Nairobi. The Government Printer
Saeed, M. M. & Asghar, M. A (2012). ‘Examining the Relationship between Training, Motivation and Employees Job Performance – The Moderating Role of Person Job Fit’, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(12)12177-12183
Salisbury, M. (2008). ‘From Instructional Systems Design to Managing the Life Cycle of Knowledge in Organizations’, Performance Improvement Quarterly, 20 (3/4): 131-45.
Schultz, T. W. (1960). ‘Capital Formation by Education’, Journal of Political Economy, 69: 571-83.
Scott, C. (1993). ‘Discussant Comments for Session on "Inexpensive Survey Methods for Developing Countries", Invited Paper Session, International Statistical Institute's 49th Session, Florence.
Smith, P. I. B. (2000). Preparing for flexible delivery in industry: Learners and their workplaces. Geelong, Australia: Deakin University
Subban, M., & Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. (2014). ‘Public Administration Training and Development in Africa: The Case of the Republic of South Africa’, Journal of Public Affairs Education,20(4), 499-514.
Swart, J., Mann, C., Brown, S. & Price, A. (2005). Human Resource Development: Strategy and Tactics. Oxford. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Publications.
Tannenbaum, S. I., &Yukl, G. (1992). ‘Training and Development in Work Organizations’, Annual Review of Psychology, 43: 399–441.
Weil, A., &Woodall, J. (2005). ‘HRD in France: The Corporate Perspective’, Journal of European Industrial Training, 29: 7, 529–540
Weldy, T. (2009). ‘Learning Organization and Transfer Strategies for Improving Performance’, The Learning Organization, 16 (1): 58-68.
Weller, J. (1998). Los Retos de la Institucionalidad Laboral en el Marco de la Transformación de la Modalidad de Desarrollo en América Latina (The Challenges to Labour Institutionality in the Framework of the Transformation of the Development Modality in Latin America). ECLAC, Santiago de Chile
Wilson, J. P. (1999). Human Resource Development. Learning and Training for Individuals and Organizations. London, Kogan Page.
Wognum, A. (2001). ‘Does HRD Effectiveness Vary for Organization‐ and HRD‐Related Factors?’, Performance Improvement Quarterly, 14: 133-147
Acemoglu, D., & Pischke, J. (1999). ‘Beyond Becker: Training in Imperfect Labour Markets’. The Economic Journal, 109(453): 112-142.
Armstrong, M. (2009). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 10th Edition. London. Kogan Page Limited.
Armstrong, M., & Taylor S. (2014). Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 13th Edition. London. Kogan Page Limited.
Anderson, J. R., Reder, L. M., & Simon, H. A. (1996). Situated Learning and Education, Educational Researcher, 25 (4): 5-11.
Aswathapa, K. (2009). Human Resource Management. 5th Edition. New Delhi. Tata McGraw Hill
Bahlis, J., & Tourville, S. J. (2005). Where Training Resources Should be Allocated. Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference (I/ITSEC) 2124: 1 of 11.
Bartel, A. (2000). 'Measuring The Employer’s Return nn Investments in Training: Evidence from the Literature', Industrial Relations, 39 (3).
Battu, H., Belfield, C., & Sloane, P. (2000). 'Overeducation among Graduates: a Cohort View', Education Economics, 7(1): 21-38.
Becker, G. S. (1962). 'Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis', Journal of Political Economy, 70 (5).
Ben-Porath, Y. (1967). 'The Production of Human Capital and the Life-Cycle of Earnings', Journal of Political Economy, 75: 352-65.
Bishop, J. (1994). 'The Impact of Previous Training on Productivity And Wages', National Bureau Of Economic Research, Univ. of Chicago Press: 161-200
Burgard, C. &Görlitz, K. (2011). 'Continuous Training, Job Satisfaction and Gender – An Empirical Analysis Using German Panel Data', Ruhr Economic Papers 265.
Carver, R. (1996). 'Theory for Practice: A Framework for Thinking About Experiential Education', Journal Of Experiential Education, 19 (1): 8-13.
Cheramie, R., Sturman, M., & Walsh, K. (2007). 'Executive Career Management: Switching Organizations and the Boundaryless Career', Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71(3): 359-374.
The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). (2010). 'Delivering More With Less: The People Management Challenge', Building Productive Public Sector Workplaces
Collins, M. (1983). 'A Critical Analysis of Competency-Based Systems in Adult Education', Adult Education Quarterly, 33: 174-183
Colarelli, S. M., & Montei, M. S. (1996). 'Some Contextual Influences on Training Utilization', The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32(3): 306-322.
Davenport, R. (2005). 'A New Shade of Big Blue',TD (May2005):35-40
Dearden, L. , Reed, H. & Van Reenen, J. (2006). 'The Impact of Training on Productivity and Wages: Evidence from British Panel Data', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68: 397-421.
Elnaga, A. & Imran, A. (2013). 'The Effect of Training on Employee Performance', European Journal of Business and Management, 5 (4),137-147.
Evans, P. & Barsoux, J. (2002). The Global Challenge: Framework for International Human Resource Management. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Frese, M. (2007). 'The Psychological Actions and Entrepreneurial Success: An Action Theory Approach', The Psychology of Entrepreneurship. Lawrence Erlbaum. Mahwah. NJL: 151-88.
Garcia, M. U. (2005). 'Training and Business Performance: The Spanish Case', The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16 (9): 1691-1710.
Gomez-Mejia, R., et al (2007). Managing Human Resources, 2nd Edition. Pearson Education., New Jersey, USA
Green, F., & Tsitsianis, N. (2005). 'An Investigation of National Trends in Job Satisfaction in Britain and Germany', British Journal Of Industrial Relations, 43(3): 401-429.
Hope, Sr., K. R. (2013). 'Managing the Public Sector in Kenya: Reform and Transformation for Improved Performance', Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2(4), 128–143.
Jagero, N., Komba, H. V. & Mlingi, M. D.(2012). 'Relationship between on the Job Training and Employee’s Performance in CourierCompanies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania', International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2 (22), 114- 120.
Jinping, X. (2014). The Governance of China. Beijing. Foreign Languages Press Co. Ltd.
Jonassen, D. H. (1991). 'Evaluating Constructivist Thinking', Educational Technology, 31 (9): 28-33.
Jonassen, D. H. (1994).'Thinking Technology: Toward a Constructivist Design Model', Educational Technology, 4 (4): 34-37.
Kosbab, D. J. (2003). 'Dispositional and Maturational Development Through Competency-Based Training', Education & Training, 45: 526-541.
Hawley, J. 2008. 'Public Private Partnerships in Vocational Education and Training: International Examples and Models', World Bank.
Hersch, R. D., & Betrisey, C. (1991). Model-Based Matching and Hinting of Fonts. ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics.
Hyland, T. (1994). Competence, education and NVQs: Dissenting perspectives. London, England: Cassell.
Institute of Human Resource Management (IHRM) (2011). Journal of the institute of the Human Resource Management, 7: 11-15
Kar, S. and Ramalingam, A. (2013). ‘Is 30 The Magic Number? Issues in Sample Size Estimation’, National Journal of Community Medicine, 4(1): 175-179.
KIM. (2016). ‘Progress Made Towards Reinvigorating Kenya’s Public Service to Meet Agenda 2030’, Management Journal, May-June: 17
Kraiger K. (2003). ‘Perspectives on Training and Development’,Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 12: 171–192.
Matheson, C. (2007). ‘In Praise of Bureaucracy? A Dissent From Australia’, Administration & Society, 39(2), 233-261.
McCor, W., & Eldridge, D. (2003). Global human resource management: Managing people in developing and transitional countries. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub.
McNamara, C. (2005). Human Resource Management and Talent Management. Authenticity Consulting LLC
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and Personality: NY: Harper
Milhem, W., Abushamsieh, K., & Pérez Aróstegui, M. (2014). ‘Training strategies, theories and types’, Journal of Accounting, Business & Management’, 21(1), 12-26
Mincer, J. (1958). ‘Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution’, The Journal of Political Economy, 66 (4).
Meister, J (2000). ‘The CEO-Driven Learning Culture’, Training and Development (June 2000):52-70
Njau. S, (2005). ‘Government Initiatives for the Transformation of Public Sector Management in Kenya’, Management Journal, July- August: 8.
Niazi, A. (2011). ‘Training and Development Strategy and its Role in Organizational Performance’, Journal of Public Administration and Governance.
Prasad, K. (2012). Strategic human resource development: Concepts and practices. New Delhi: PHI Learning.
PSC. (2015). Human Resource Development Policy. Nairobi. Public Service Commission
PSC. (2015). A Framework for the Implementation of Values and Principles in Article 10 and 232 of the Constitution in the Public Service. Nairobi. Public Service Commission
PSC. (2017). Guidelines on Managing Training in the Public Service. Nairobi. The Government Printer
Saeed, M. M. & Asghar, M. A (2012). ‘Examining the Relationship between Training, Motivation and Employees Job Performance – The Moderating Role of Person Job Fit’, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(12)12177-12183
Salisbury, M. (2008). ‘From Instructional Systems Design to Managing the Life Cycle of Knowledge in Organizations’, Performance Improvement Quarterly, 20 (3/4): 131-45.
Schultz, T. W. (1960). ‘Capital Formation by Education’, Journal of Political Economy, 69: 571-83.
Scott, C. (1993). ‘Discussant Comments for Session on "Inexpensive Survey Methods for Developing Countries", Invited Paper Session, International Statistical Institute's 49th Session, Florence.
Smith, P. I. B. (2000). Preparing for flexible delivery in industry: Learners and their workplaces. Geelong, Australia: Deakin University
Subban, M., & Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. (2014). ‘Public Administration Training and Development in Africa: The Case of the Republic of South Africa’, Journal of Public Affairs Education,20(4), 499-514.
Swart, J., Mann, C., Brown, S. & Price, A. (2005). Human Resource Development: Strategy and Tactics. Oxford. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Publications.
Tannenbaum, S. I., &Yukl, G. (1992). ‘Training and Development in Work Organizations’, Annual Review of Psychology, 43: 399–441.
Weil, A., &Woodall, J. (2005). ‘HRD in France: The Corporate Perspective’, Journal of European Industrial Training, 29: 7, 529–540
Weldy, T. (2009). ‘Learning Organization and Transfer Strategies for Improving Performance’, The Learning Organization, 16 (1): 58-68.
Weller, J. (1998). Los Retos de la Institucionalidad Laboral en el Marco de la Transformación de la Modalidad de Desarrollo en América Latina (The Challenges to Labour Institutionality in the Framework of the Transformation of the Development Modality in Latin America). ECLAC, Santiago de Chile
Wilson, J. P. (1999). Human Resource Development. Learning and Training for Individuals and Organizations. London, Kogan Page.
Wognum, A. (2001). ‘Does HRD Effectiveness Vary for Organization‐ and HRD‐Related Factors?’, Performance Improvement Quarterly, 14: 133-147
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Published
2018-10-11
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Arucy, K. G., & Juma, D. D. (2018). THE INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIC TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF THE KENYA COPYRIGHT BOARD. European Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 3(7), 23 – 49. Retrieved from https://www.iprjb.org/journals/index.php/EJBSM/article/view/733
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